Windmill.



PATENTED MAR. 22, 1904.

B; s. HYATT. WINDMILL.

APPLIGATIION FILED NOV. 30, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 N0 MODEL.

Nb. 755,497. PATBNTED MAR. 22, 1.904. "B. s. HYATT. WINDMILL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30, 1903. N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETSSHEET z.

flew 3% A UNITED STATES Patented Harcl- 22, 1904.

PATENT OFFIC WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,497, dated March22, 1904.

Application filed November 30, 1903. Serial No. 183,280. (No model.)

1'0 at wltom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMAN S. HYATT, a citizen of the United States,residing at Vinita, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, have invented anew and useful Windmill, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in windmills, andparticularly to windmills wherein the vane-carrying arms are disposed ina horizontal plane and the movement imparted to the arms will becontinuous with-' out regard to any change in the direction of the wind;and in this connection a further object of the invention is to provide awindmill which needs no adjustment whatever when the wind changes itscourse.

A further object of the invention is to construct a windmill in whichthe mill is to a certain extent self-adjusting in that the blades may beopened out under the influence of centrifugal force should the speedbecome excessive, and thus automatically adjust the speed of rotation byreducing the area presented to the pressure of the wind. I

A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel form ofhorizontal windmill in which provision is made for adjusting the angularposition of the blades in accordance with the force of the wind, and,further, to so arrange such adjusting mechanism as to permit of themovement of all of the vanes to inoperative position when it is desiredto stop the operation of the mill, and, further, to provide means forlocking all of the vanes in inoperative position, as may be desirable inorder to prevent damage to the mill during a storm.

With these and other objects in view, as will hereinafter more fullyappear, the invention consists in the novel construction and arrangementof parts hereinafter described, illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it beingunderstood that various changes in the form, proportions, size, andminor details of the structure may be made without departing from thespirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective View of awindmill constructed in accordance with the invention. Figs. 2, 3, and 4are cross-sectional views through one of the vane-carrying arms,illustrating the diflerent positions to which the frames and vanes maybe adjusted.

Similarnumerals of reference are employed to indicate correspondingparts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

In the drawings, 1 indicates an open-work tower, which may be of anydesired constructionand height. The tower is provided with bearings forthe reception and support of a vertically-disposed shaft 2, to the upperend of which are secured a number of radiating arms 3, there being anydesired number of arms, and these being disposed, if necessary, in setsone above the other when it is desired to increase the tower.

Near the outer end of each of the arms 3 is mounted an open frame 4,preferably rectangular in its general outline and provided with eyes 6and 7, which serve as pivots to connect the frames to the arms, andindependent longitudinal movement of the frames is prevented by means ofsuitable collars 8. Each of these frames carries a vane 9, which may beformed of sheet metal or other material, and each vane is pivoted to theouter bore of its carryingframe and is free to swing outwardly thereonunder the influence of the wind-pressure until a stop 10, carried by theblade, comes into engagement with the carrying-arm and limits outwardmovement. In the present instance, where four blades are used, two ofthe blades will be held close against their carrying-frames by thewind-pressure, while the remaining two will be maintained in openposition in order to offer but little resistance to the passage of theinoperative vanes and arms to the air. The vanes remain open until theypoint to the eye of the wind and will then close, and if the vanes arearranged at an angle to the direction of flow of the wind they will befully closed and the pressure of the Wind thereon utilized to anydesired extent.

In order to accomplish the best results, it is desirable that the bladesbe adjustable at varying angles in accordance with the pressure of thewind and the amount of work to be accomplished. For this purpose theeyes 6 7 constitute connections which permit of swinging of the frameson their respective carryingarms, so that the blades may berocked toassume a horizontal position or may be swung around to an approximatelyvertical position to receive in the latter case the full force of thewind, and further adjustment may be made to lock the blades in anyangular position be tween the horizontal and vertical planes in order tolessen the effective pressure of the wind on the vanes.

, The vane-shaft is provided with a verticallyslidable collar 20, havinga groove 21 for the reception of a ring 22, carried by the bifurcatedend of a lever 23, that is fulcrumed, and a link 24, carried by thetower. The outer end of the lever is connected by a link 25 to amanually-adjustable lever 26,and thelatter when arranged withinconvenient reach of the ground is held in any position to which it maybeadjusted by means of a spring-pressed lockingbar 28, having notchesfor the reception of a stud or studs 29, thus affording the simple andeflicient mechanism by which the blades may belocked in any angularposition to which they may be adjusted.

On the radial vane-supporting arms are mounted collars 83, each armcarrying a pair of collars and the collars of each pair being connectedby a rigid arm 3&. Over the outermost collar of each pair extends aradial arm 36 to one side of the adjacent vane-carrying frame, so thatwhen the collars are turned the movement will be transmitted to theframes and serve to adjust the angular positions thereof. The innercollars of each arm are provided with rocker-arms 37, that are connectedby links 38 to the adjustable collar of the main shaft, and as saidcollar is raised or lowered by the manually-adjustable lever the vanesmay be adjusted to any desired position.

When the windmill is not in operation, it is desirable to lock thearmsto the frames in order to prevent accidental injury thereto, as fromstorms, and for this purpose each of the blades is provided with aprojecting lockingpin 40, adapted to engage a catch 41, carried by theadjacent radial arm. These catches are in the nature of self-closingspring-catches, and as the vanes and their carrying-frames are adjustedto horizontal position the pins will engage the catches andautomatically lock the same in inoperative position.

During operation of the windmill under ordinary conditions one half ofthe blades will be operative and the other half inoperative, the vanesmoving freely outward as they come up to the wind, while the oppositehalf of the vanes is acted upon by the wind and held against the frames,so that the wind-pressure exerted on the vanes will be transmittedthrough the frames and radial arms to the main shaft.

Should the windmill rotate too rapidly, which may at times occur underthe influence of certain-gusts of wind, the blades may move outwardunder the influence of centrifugal force, and thus by offering little orno resistance to the air effecting immediate reduction in the power andrapidity of rotation of the arms.

It will of course be understood that the number of arms and vanes may beincreased to any desired extent and that each arm may be provided withmore than one vane, if necessary.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is- 1. In aWindmill, a plurality of horizontallydisposed radial arms, a shaft towhich the arms are connected, open frames carried by the arms andadjustable to varying angular positions, and vanes having verticalpivots formed by the outer bars of said frames and movable toinoperative positions under the influence of centrifugal force.

2. In a windmill, a plurality of horizontallydisposed radial arms, ashaft to which the arms are connected, an approximately rectangularframe mounted on each arm and adjustable to varying angular positions, avane pivoted to the outer bar of each frame, and a stop carried by thevane and adapted to engage against the frame-carrying arm in anyposition of adjustment of said frame.

3. In a windmill, aplurality of horizontallydisposed arms, a shaft towhich the arms are connected, an approximately rectangular frame mountedon each arm and adjustable to varying angular positions, and a vanehaving vertical pivots formed by the outer bar of said frame, thepivotal connection being at the extreme outer edge of the vane.

4:. In awindmill, a vertical shaft, a plurality of radially disposedarms carried thereby, vane-carrying frames pivotally mounted on saidarms, vanes carried by said frames, means for moving said frames to ahorizontal position, catches secured to the arms and catchengaging'meanscarried by the vanes and serving by interlocking with the catches tohold both the vanes and arms in position.

5. In a windmill, a vertical shaft, a plurality of radially-disposedarms carried thereby,

vane-carrying frames pivotally mounted on the arms, collars connected inpairs and arranged on the arms, means for connecting one collar of eachpair to one of the frames, a vertically-movable collar on the shaft,rods connecting the collar to the second collar of each pair, means foradjusting the vertically-movable collar, and a locking means for holdingthe same in adjusted position.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aflixedmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.

BENJAMAN S. HYATT.

Witnesses:

DOUGLAS W. Moon, JOHN F. Mom).

